This course focuses on the history of Muslim groups and social movements which are often regarded as politically fundamentalists or radical in the twentieth-century Middle East. We shall critically survey the intellectual origins of radical ideologies, the social history of the "Muslim Bortherhood: in Egypt and Syria, the politics of Saudi Arabia, the rise of Hizbullah, the question of the caliphate, the interaction between foreign intervention and the approval of violence as a legitimate means in politics, a history of al-Qaeda, and finally of what we know about ISIS. Instructor: Mestyan.