Study of the literary form and argument of Augustine's epoch-making City of God: a rhetorical tour de force of consummate artistry and stunning originality and scope; and a political, religious, and moral critique of ancient Rome within a comparative, cross-cultural analytical framework that vindicates an alternative vision of society rooted in the Christian scriptures. City of God provides a remarkable example of sophisticated literary construction, rhetorical prowess, cross-cultural examination, and moral reflection. We focus on these four facets of a celebrated synthesis that breaks new ground in historiography, political science, and moral theory.